*Introduction of Java
Java was developed by a term of computer propositional under the
guidance of James gosling and his team at the sum Microsystems of USA in 1991
he wanted to gave a suitable name initially he called “OAK “after scanning OAK
tree from their window but after sun weeks he was discussing another name and
he was slipping java coffee so one of them suggested the name Java.
Java is simple and purely object oriented and general purpose
programming language with powerful feature which can be used to developed a
verity of application from simple web animation to high an business application
that program and hold devices micro web application across platform application
e. t. c.
Java is strongly
type language this specification clearly distinguished between the compile time
error and run time. It is both compiled as well as interpreted and comes in the
form of java byte code is run one interpreted to executed a program this byte
code is the actual power of java. It is popular and dominating over other
programming language.
*Features of Java :
There are
following features of java.
(1)
Compiled and
Interpreted.
(2)
Platform –
Independent.
(3)
Object Oriented.
(4)
Easy to learn.
(5)
Robust and Secure.
(6)
Multithreaded and
Interactive.
(7)
Dynamic and
extensible.
(8)
Familiar, simple and
small.
(9)
Distributed.
(10)
High performance.
· Object oriented programming
The
object oriented programming is that program which is organized around the data being protect open rather than the operation perform the
basic idea behind object oriented programming is combining both data and its
function . That operates on the data in to a single unit is called object an
object is anything that distinguished really exist in the word and it can be 1
form other.
The main components of OOPS are following.
The main components of OOPS are following.
(1)Class
(2)Object
(3)Encapsulation
(4)Abstraction
(5)Inheritance
(6)Polymorphism
(1) Class:-
A class is a blue prints are
prototype that defines the variables and the methods common to all object of
certain kind.
The programmers define the object from it and behavior by defining a
class in other words .A class is a collection of object of similar type and
method.
(2) Object:-
An object is software that is
bundle of variables and related method we can represent real world object by using
software object.
(3) Encapsulation:-
The wrapping of
update and function in to single unit is called encapsulation this is most
important features of OOPS.
(4) Abstraction:-
Abstraction refers
to the act of representing essential features without including the back
grouping details to the distinguished object or function from other object or
function.
(5) Inheritance:-
Inheritance is
ability to derived new class from existing class.
A
derived class is known as sub class which inheritance the instance variable
And
method of super class, class or object. Class it can add sum new instance class
or variable and method.
(6) Polymorphism:-
After class
and inheritance polymorphism is the next essential features of object oriented
programming language it allows are name to be used for several related but
different purpose we used to spacefiy. A general class of action method
overloading is one kind of polymorphism.
· Application of OOPS:-
There are
following application of OOP.
(1)
Object Oriented
Database
(2)
Embedded System
(3)
Simulation And
Modeling
(4)
Natural Network
(5)
Decision Support
System
(6)
Office automation
System
(7)
AI And Expert System
(8)
Internet Solution
(9)
Real-time Systems
· Features ‘of OOPS:-
There
are following features of OOPS.
(1)
It emphasis is on
data rather than procedure.
(2)
Programs are modularized
into entities called objects.
(3)
Data structure
methods characterize the objects of the problem.
(4)
It is easier to
maintain program.
(5)
It employs bottom-up
approach in program design.
(6)
There is no scope of
accidental modification of data in this language.
· Benefits of OOPS:-
(1) Ease in division of job.
(2) Reduce complexity.
(3) Provide extensibility.
(4) Eliminate redundancy.
(5) Saves development time and
increases productivity.
(6) Allows building secure programs.
(7) Allows designing simpler interfaces.
*Class and object base
program
Class Class_name
{
Data type1 variable1;
………………………….
………………………….
Data type n variable
Data type method name ()
{
Body of method
}
}
Class class _ name
{
Public static void main ()
{
Class name object name
Object name = new class name ();
Or
Calling function
}
}
(1)
Write a program to calculate the sum of two numbers using
class and object.
Class sum
{
int a, b, c;
void add()
{
a=10;
b=20;
c=a+ b+ c;
System.Out.Println(“Sum of two numbers:”+c);
}
}
Class Display
{
public static void
main(string args[])
{
Sum S;
S =new Sum();
S.add();
}
}
(1)
public class Babul
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
long p =1;
int n;
double q;
System.out.println(" 2 to power -n
n 2 to power n");
for(n = 0; n < 10; n++)
{
if (n == 0)
p = 1;
else
p = p * 2;
q = 1.01 /(double)p;
System.out.println( "
" + q + " " + n + "
" +p );
}
}
}
(2)
public
class Cube
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a,cu;
a=3;
cu=3*3*3;
System.out.println("cube of
number:"+cu);
}
}
·
Variable
A variable is
a basic unit of storage in java program
it represent memory allocation in which value can be store java has meanly
three types of variable.
(1)
Instance variable
(2)
Class variable
(3)
Local variable
(1)Instance
variable:
That
variable which is use to define the attribute of a particular object is called
instance variable.
(2)Class
variable:
Instance variable is also
known as class variable it accepts they are variable. Apply to all the instance
of a class.
(3)Local
variable :
That variable which is
used in declare inside method or function is called local variable. For ex:-
for index countries an looks temporarily variable are to hold values that be
need only inside the method definition itself.
Syntax:-
Data type1- - - - - - - - - variable 1
Data type2 - - - - - - - - - variable 2
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - -
Data type n - - - - - - - - variable n
Class and Object
Class
A class is a group of values with a
set of operation to manipulate this value it is use to define a new data type
ones a new data type is define variable of this data type can be create in
program for solving problem.
Object
Object is the primary object
oriented programming language the support any data including the under derived
data type simply object means reads words it is main properties of opps it is
created meanly two stapes.
Method overloading
:
All
the method of similar kinds in the glass and its name is same but all the
methods will have different prototype is called method overloading this methods
may have different return types.
Method overriding:
In
program writing more than two method in super or sub classes such as the method
and same signature is called method overriding.
Static method
Static
method is a method which does not declare and variable the instance variable of
a class. It is declared by using the static keyword. It is called using class
name (.) method name because static method cannot act own instance variable
that is the JVM1 execute the static method and only it create the object the
object called the static method.
Inheritance
When
create new class from existence class so that the new classes will acre all the
feature of the existence classes is called inheritance it is language property
specific to the object oriented paradigm. It is use in invert from of accurse
shaving by longing we take the implementation of any even task and built a new
class base done implementation. It is used for extending the existing property
of a class.
For
ex: Inheritance in nature parents producing the children inheritance the
quality of the parent.
Abstract class:
An
abstract class is a class that can contain sub abstract class is a class that
contains 0 or more abstract method since abstract class contains in complete
method. It is implemented by its child class that is abstract class can be used
only as parent class.
Interface:
An interface is a specification
of method prototype all the methods’ of a interface are public and abstract is
use to provide method to be implemented by classes and interface it has to
define all the method given in that interface a class can implemented more than
one interface.
(5)public class Rani
{
public static void
main(String args[])
{
System.out.println("Screen Display ;");
for(int i=1;
i<=9;i++)
{
for(int j=1;
j<=i; j++)
{
System.out.print("
");
System.out.print(i);
}
System.out.print("\n");
}
System.out.println("Screen Display Done");
}
}
(6)
public class Pavan
{
public static void
main(String args[])
{
int a =
1,b=5,c=3,cube,sum;
System.out.println(" a ="+a);
System.out.println(" b ="+b);
System.out.println(" c ="+c);
System.out.println(" a*a*a =" +(a*a*a));
System.out.println("
b*b*b =" +(b*b*b));
System.out.println(" c*c*c =" +(c*c*c));
System.out.println(" a+b+c =" +(a+b+c));
}
}
String:
A
string represent and array of characters when the last character will be null ‘%’
represent the end of the string but this is not valid in java
In java a string is an object of string class it is not a character
arrays also but strings are given a different treatment. Java soft people have created a class
separately with the name string in java. Lan package with all necessary method
to work with string.
· Vector:
That
class which can be used to create a Generic dynamic array is called vector it
can hold object of any type and any number so vector is a class it contain in
the java.
(7)
Write a program in
java to calculate the simple
interest.
public class Sonu
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int p,r,t,si;
p=200;
r=10;
t=2;
si=(p*r*t)/100;
System.out.println("simple interest:"+si);
}
}
(8)
Write a program in java to print the working
of days.
public class Workingdays
{
enum Days
{
Sunday,
Monday,
Tuesday,
Wednesday,
Thursday,
Friday,
Saturday
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
for (Days d: Days.values())
{
Weekend(d);
}
}
private static void weekend(Days d)
{
if(d.equals(Days.Sunday))
System.out.println("value
“ = + d + “ is a Holiday ");
else
System.out.println(“value =”+d+ “ is a
working day”);
}
}
}
}
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